How Do Implicit Attitudes Influence How We Respond to Other

How do implicit attitudes influence how we respond to Other? Individuals’ mechanical systems for evaluating the world developed over the course of evolutionary history. Such mental operations provide tools for understanding the circumstances, assessing the important concepts, and heartening behavior without having to think or actually thinking at all. These automated preferences are called implicit attitudes. â€Å"Implicit attitude is defined as unacknowledged attitudes external to a person’s awareness which nonetheless have measurable effects on people’s response times to stimulations† (Grinnell, 2009). This is a topic of importance on reading within the field of social psychology. According to Haddock Maio (2004), â€Å"The Attitude†¦show more content†¦Attitudes can also arise due to observational learning, wherein people internalize the attitudes of others; passing them on from one individual to the other. Attitudes can be held implicitly and do not innately imply behavior. Often individual’s will have consideration of a ground or opinion but not act on it when the chance rises. Many factors influence whether or not attitudes will come to impact behavior. The stronger an attitude is, the more likely it is to translate to one’s actions. Likewise, the more thorough the assertiveness is to the confined conduct, the more it will be pertinent for said behavior. If rational thought leads to the decision that a behavior should be done based upon a said assertiveness, and it is decided that the behavior can be done, most likely those behaviors will ascend (The THINK SPOT, 2013). One way in which attitude change occurs is via cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance is an occurrence in which a person experiences psychological distress due to conflicting thoughts or beliefs. The tendency to be affected by cognitive dissonance is affected by culture. In order to lessen this rigidity, individuals could change their attitudes to imitate other opinions or real behaviors. If and individual find that he or she are behaving in a way that is changeable with their attitudes, he or she shifts those attitudes to enhance equal behaviors. People attitudes can also shift based on observations of theirShow MoreRelatedPrejudice : Prejudice And Prejudice965 Words   |  4 Pagesmore in depth understanding of how many different forms prejudice can take place. Prior to the material in this section, I defined being prejudiced in terms of old-fashioned prejudice, explicit attitudes towards another individual. These attitudes would be restricted to being negative, especially towards minority groups. Now I see that this interpretation is not always the case, as prejudice is actually more complex. I have learned that prejudice can be rather implicit for the most part and projectRead MoreThe Social Sciences And Humanities1114 Words   |  5 PagesIn addition, women are still struggling to gain traction in STEM fields, and face gender bias quite frequently, as seen i n the fact that women are only paid 77 cents for every dollar made by a man. We hypothesized that STEM majors would be rated as more academically competent than sociology majors. We also hypothesized that male students would be rated as more academically competent than female students. Finally, our combined hypothesis was that males would receive higher ratings of academic competencyRead MoreAttitude1230 Words   |  5 Pages ATTITUDE Introduction Attitude refers to a learned tendency to evaluate things in a special ways which may include evaluation of people, issues, object, or event. The evaluation can be positive or negative and can be uncertain at times. Researcher who took a more behavioural stance define attitude as predisposition to respond consistently in a positive or negative way to some person, object, or situation. Psychologist are in a better position to meet the goals of psychology (describe, explainRead MoreThere is a stigma in our society about obesity in our culture. This issue has increased over the3100 Words   |  13 Pagesand attitudes about ones own body. Attitudes toward obesity are different among genders. In a study completed by Aruguete, Yates, and Edman, they found that body dissatisfaction was greater among women than men. They found that women indicated more food limitations than men including dieting more, because of their dissatisfaction. It was also reported that women were less likely to eat certain meals such as breakfast and dinner than men. Other differences between genders include attitudes towardRead MoreThe Mind Is Not Only Inside Of Us1185 Words   |  5 Pageswant to be more conscious and have a greater sense of view towards how to live life with a healthier approach. It is necessary to cultivate resilience, positive mindsets, consciousness, and mindfulness within us in order to transmit the right attitude and practices to self and others. In order to carry out all these inordinate qualities it is important to identify the meaning of each term and how does it benefit us. So, how do we become more resilient? Dr. Dan Siegel explains that resilience isRead MoreWhy You Are A Great Writer955 Words   |  4 Pages Whether you are a great writer, a bad writer or a fairly good writer, the first thing you need is a positive attitude and an open mind to learn new writing techniques. Always try to be punctual to class and participate in class discussions and activities. Always proof read your work before handing it in because no matter how good of a writer you are, you can make mistakes and a good writer always check and double check their work. With that said, now let’s get down to business-RHETORIC. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Theory Of Free Will1849 Words   |  8 PagesBaumeister Monroe, 2014). Nahmias, Morris, Nadelhoffer and Turner (2005) define free will as the ability to control your actions independent of fate or external factors. Recently, many studies have been performed investigating how levels of free will beliefs shape how we act, think and view the world. Over the past thirty years, there has been a general increase in support for homosexuals (Loftus, 2001; Treas, 2002 as cited in Lewis, 2009), as well as a rise in recognition of same sex relationshipsRead MoreInternal And External Triggers, Resistance For Organisational Change1373 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment in the world economy. Also, it gives an organisation get ready to face the changes wether in customers or prevent an economic crisis. On the contrary, the organisation must be failure if it keeps the same system to face the other competitors who taking a positive attitude to the changes and development continues. Consequently, it’s very necessary for an organisation to aware of the importance of managing organisational change, in order to overcome the troubles. In this essay, it will take someRead MoreHow Much Do We Know About Ourselves?1179 Words   |  5 PagesHow much do we know about ourselves? How are we perceived by others? How important is all this to us? Cen tral topics of research in social psychology is the nature of the self and how we think and feel about ourselves, (Baron, 18). These impacts have major influence with the internet and technology as well because the way we present to others is important as well. Sometimes we may not perceive ourselves as we perceive others. We may criticize others without even realizing we do the same thing asRead MoreCentering The Margins Of The Life Of Missionary Disciples862 Words   |  4 Pagesjealousy, vengeance, etc. Those who have power define the world and control over other people. Living in a multicultural environment creates within us a feeling of complicated-cultural-ethnic mix. Unity becomes an aspiration for human beings, especially Christians who are called to create relationships and to erase borders that separate us from one another. This paper will discuss the nature of marginality and what should we do to overcome these challenges. With baptismal identity and inspiration, missio nary

Hate Crime upon the Homeless - 1526 Words

I chose to write my paper on hate crimes about violence and hate towards members of our society who are homeless. People who happen to be homeless, by the nature of not having a home are more vulnerable to attacks both verbally and physically. I believe that violence upon homeless individuals is a hate crime because they are targeted specifically because they are homeless, and seen as less important than â€Å"regular† people with homes. These incidents usually involve a younger man or teenager. Most of the homeless victims are also men of an older age. In the cases the homeless victim may be being picked on and physically assaulted, and sometimes killed or left to die without available medical attention. These incidents aren’t always reported so the problem is very likely larger than the statistics show. When an individual is living without a place to go to and doesn’t know where there next meal is coming from they already feel like they aren’t worth bein g treated with the respect and dignity that all humans deserve. The homeless community has very little power politically to cause change, but people in a position of power can ensure that crimes against the homeless aren’t okay and add stiffer penalties to these incidents. The hardest part of the process is proving that the actions that happen were driven by the face that the victim was homeless. If there is no relation between the victim and perpetrator and the homeless victim posed no threat to the attacker I think the lawShow MoreRelatedHomelessness is Everyones Problem888 Words   |  3 PagesPoverty reports that homeless population in United States is estimated around 3.5 million, but on the other hand there are nearly 18.6 million vacant houses. Hypothetically, it means that each and every homeless person can be provided with 6 homes. Homelessness is defined as a person who is deprived of basic needs like proper shelter, food, and family and social bonds. They lack ne cessary basic provisions and they are subjected to continuous threat of danger. Most homeless people spend high numberRead MoreHomelessness And Poverty And Homelessness1699 Words   |  7 Pagesworld where it is illegal to sit down. Could you survive if there were no place you were allowed to fall asleep, to store your belongings, or to stand still? For most of us, these scenarios seem unrealistic to the point of being ludicrous. But, for homeless people across America, these circumstances are an ordinary part of life. (National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty 7) While a portion of today’s society turns a blind eye to the subject of the criminalization of homelessness, an even largerRead MoreThe Homelessness Epidemic842 Words   |  3 Pageshappens to be one of them. The homeless, being the lowest class is often looked down on. According to preliminary figures by the National Coalition for the Homeless (NCH), in 2013, homeless Americans experienced a 23% increase in violence compared with the year before. Hate crimes are common among the homeless, especially in Florida according to, Huffington post. Cousins Jose Llano-Xolo, 14, and Juan Xolo-Merlin, 17 was using â€Å"self-defense† when they put a homeless man in a chokehold and stabbedRead MoreThe LGBT Community: The Need for an Anti-Discrimination Bill720 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscrimination against LGBT identifying individuals extends far past the workplace and into the homes and communities. Only 11 states currently provide transgender victims with protection under hate cr imes. In all other states, violent crimes against transgender individuals are prosecuted without a hate crime enhancement. Transgender individuals often find it hard to find employment and feel safe. Due to the job discrimination that most trans individuals experience, they may end up unemployed. TheRead MoreImmigrants : Today s Witch Hunt1344 Words   |  6 Pagestake low-paying jobs.† (Teaching Tolerance. Ten Myths About Immigration.10) Although immigrants are accused of stealing the jobs of native-born Americans, they typically only work in low-skilled, low-paying, jobs, that native-born workers look down upon. They are not â€Å"stealing jobs†, they simply fill in the jobs the majority of native-born workers would never do. This accusal is similar to how the witches in The Crucible were accused of false wrongdoings. In the play, the antagonist, Abigail, accusesRead MoreEssay on Police Discretion1425 Words   |  6 Pagessuperiors, or the public. License involves a sense of accountability that does not have to be formally recognized or structural. Discretion is not doing as you please. Discretion is bounded by norms. The future of policing as a profession depends upon whether discretion can be put to good use. Two problems impending police professionalization, however, in that there are few uncontroversial areas in police work, than in other professions. Sometimes the public wants no enforcement, and other timesRead Moreember World War II, and the effects it caused around the world, especially to the Jewish People.1500 Words   |  6 Pagesa specific group. It is described as a â€Å"crime against humanity†, but not considered a legal term. This vicious act of violence has happened around the entire history of mankind. There was a convention regarding the subject of Genocide. It was named the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. It was a major convention that helped countries converse and decide what to do about genocide. In that conference, they agreed upon many things like â€Å"The Contracting PartiesRead MoreHomosexuality in Twelfth Night1434 Words   |  6 PagesIn medieval and Elizabethan England, homosexuality was not only looked down upon, but was a crime punishable by law. Found perpetrators, including the famous King Edward II, were horribly punished. Edward was killed by â€Å"the slow and painful insertion of a red, hot poker into his anus†, along with his lover, who â€Å"had his genitals cut off and burned† (Sanders). Such is the world in which a bisexual William Shakespeare lived. Though he married Anne Hathaway at the age of 18, he was rumored to have hadRead MoreUdhr s Article On Lgbt Rights2347 Words   |  10 Pagesquestion, le t us also analyse our own sexual fabric. We set the standards of our own yardsticks to measure a sexual identity as valid/ invalid, normal/ abnormal, natural/ unnatural, acceptable/ unacceptable, moral/ immoral and finally good/ bad. Perhaps, upon these standards we define and adopt a sexual identity that belongs to a privileged position. One tends to overlook these privileges and rights that are available for heterosexual people. On the other hand, the gay and lesbian people, though have theRead MorePolice Brutality And The Civil Rights Of Citizens1205 Words   |  5 PagesNot many police reports are placed on police who have had misconduct on people with disabilities so it is not publicly recognized. â€Å"People with disabilities continue to be failed by police forces with many either properly investigating disability hate crime, or treating victims as credible witnesses† (Mencap). Along with citizens with disabilities people of the LGBT Community (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual , and Transgender) also have a high rate of wrongly being approached by police. They are automatically

Volunteering At Heartfelt, A Mental Health Agency That...

Introduction I am interning at Heartfelt, a mental health agency that works with adults, children and their families that deal with any type of behavior and mental health problem since 2006 with a mission to provide culturally competent, and professionally sound mental health, foster care, youth development and family support services to empower our community one child and one family at a time. The services that Heartfelt offers to clients are intensive in-home therapy, outpatient therapy, community support team (CST), peer support, medication management, and residential level III group home. Many of the clients at Heartfelt are offered Outpatient therapy service compared to other services. My role at Heartfelt is as an intern who is supervised by a MSW field supervisor completing tasks. Few of tasks that I perform at Heartfelt is shadowing professionals performing assessments and intakes with clients, working on various administrative projects such as finding resources for clients a nd reviewing and updating clients’ charts. The type of case that I chose for this assignment is of a woman coming out of multiples issues in life needing help to help her get her life back. Due to confidentiality reasons, I am giving my client a fake name, Mary Smith, to facilitate with the flow of the paper. I selected this case situation because it is a new case, which gives me the opportunity to know the client and to be part of the process as it goes along. Case Situation Ms. Smith is a 42Show MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesobtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Many of the designations by manufacturers and seller to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarksRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesPhillip Condit and Boeing 777: From Design and Development to Production and Sales 81 AMP of Canada (A) 105 AMP of Canada (B) (see handout provided by instructor) AMP of Canada (C) (see handout provided by instructor) Lipton Canada 118 Riverview Children s Hospital 124 The Evolution of Project Management at Quixtar 145 3 PROJECT MANAGEMENT CULTURES 151 Como Tool and Die (A) 153 Como Tool and Die (B) 157 Apache Metals, Inc. 160 Haller Specialty Manufacturing 162 The NF3 Project: Managing

The Price Increase Of Garlic - 962 Words

Question 1 The dramatic price increase of garlic in China in 2009 can be explained by the supply and demand model. The swine flu epidemic caused tastes to shift towards garlic and increased the quantity demanded. The demand curve shifted to the right (D_1 to D_2 below), causing an increase in the equilibrium price (P_1 to P_2) and quantity (Q_1 to Q_2) of garlic (Stiglitz et. al. 2014 pp. 42-3). However, the low price of garlic in the previous year discouraged farmers from planting garlic crops (Wai-yin Kwok, 2009). Farmers could not respond quickly to the price increase by returning to garlic production. As the short-run supply curve was relatively inelastic, the rightward shift in the demand curve increased equilibrium price substantially more than quantity (Stiglitz et. al. 2014 pp.63-5). Chinese investors stockpiled wholesale supplies in prediction that the price would continue to rise. The supply curve shifted to the left (S_1 to S_2), contributing to an even higher equilibrium price (P_3) and lower quantity (Q_3) (Wai-yin Kwok, 2009). Question 2 (a) As the demand for tertiary education in Australia is likely inelastic, the Vice Chancellor’s plan to increase fees by 5% would be successful in increasing total revenues by less than 5%, depending on the degree of elasticity of tertiary education in Australia. Graph A shows that a price increase along an elastic demand curve causes a more than commensurate decrease in quantity demanded. This offsets the increase inShow MoreRelatedNutrient Density And Nutrient Nutrients1338 Words   |  6 Pagesnutrient dense food. Garlic It is nutrient dense food because it is high in vitamins C, B1 and B6, Calcium, It has been shown to lower blood pressure and total and LDL cholesterol, while raising HD. L Garlic is also very potent at killing pathogens like bacteria and fungi. have long been claimed and the stinking rose treatment has been used extensively in herbal medicine (phytotherapy) down the centuries. Many of the claims are best unproven, however there are some very positive garlic health facts thatRead MoreThe Price Increase And Demand Model2215 Words   |  9 PagesQuestion 1 The dramatic price increase of garlic in China in 2009 can be explained by the supply and demand model. Perfect competition is evident in the agricultural industry, as there are many producers who act as price-takers. In the previous year, low prices discouraged farmers from continuing to plant garlic crops. Many farmers turned to growing produce that they believed would be more profitable and hence, garlic supplies declined. The supply curve shifted to the left (S_1 to S_2 below), causingRead MoreDomino s Is Putting More Emphasis On Fresh And Quality Pizza1264 Words   |  6 Pagesincluding Australia. According to Ashley (2015), Domino’s is thriving in emerging international market like Brazil, China, Turkey, and Japan since it is a relatively inexpensive luxury. He added that in order to satisfy all kind of customers and to increase the customer perceived value, Domino’s offers three different sizes of pizza – small, medium and large. Some of the most popular pizzas include Chicken and Camembert Pizza, Zesty Chicken Pizza, Grand Supreme Pizza, Mexican Green Wave Pizza, SeventhRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Cooking1717 Words   |  7 Pagescan find a kabob with most kinds of meat, and some kinds of seafood as well. The chosen marinade will also affect the flavor, and the vegetables added to the kabobs, while completely optional can make your kabobs look visually beautiful as well as increase the flavor profile for your kabobs. In Greece, the Kabob is one of the premiere street foods. It is usually served with pita bread or on a plat with a side of French fr ies. They are so popular because of how simple and delicious they are to eat.Read MoreEconomics8156 Words   |  33 Pagesas well as equilibrium price and quantity of chocolate ice cream. a. A severe drought in the Midwest causes dairy farmers to reduce the number of milk-producing cattle in their herds by a third. These dairy farmers supply cream that is used to manufacture chocolate ice cream. b. A new report by the American Medical Association reveals that chocolate does, in fact, have significant health benefits. c. The discovery of cheaper synthetic vanilla flavoring lowers the price of vanilla ice creamRead MoreDehydration of Onion Garlic - a Project Report3551 Words   |  15 PagesABSOLUTE TECHNOLOGIES Technical Know-how - A Gateway to Prosperity A PROJECT REPORT ON MANUFACTURING OF DEHYDRATED ONION GARLIC Prepared By S.A. Azad ( alias Burhaan) B.Sc. Tech ( Chem Tech ) , DFM, DNIIT Ex. Sr. Manager – HPCL ( Project Planning) For Mr M. Patel, Dhule Read MoreMarketing Mix1052 Words   |  5 Pagesis also a tool used by an organization to further decide on its marketing objectives. The activities that a marketing manager does to make decisions falls under a category generally known as four Ps. Four Ps stands for product, place, promotion and price. Four Ps were popularized by McCarthy. These categories are controllable variables as they reflect areas in which a marketing manager of a firm is in control of the decision making. 2.1 Product The mostRead MoreSample Resume : Pizza Hut Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagesbreadsticks, and garlic bread. Corporately known as Pizza Hut, Include it is a subsidiary of Yum Brands include the world s largest restaurant company. As of 2013, there were more than 57 Pizza Hut restaurants in the New Zealand with more than 800 Staff memebers, and more than 5,139 store located in 94 other countries and territories around the world. About the future: Low pricing Low pricing strategies is a very helpful strategy which can increase the customersRead MoreRice Pledging Schemes1363 Words   |  5 Pagesagricultural products from farm to table by implementing better quality management system. The improvement in laboratories as well as traceability in crops, livestock and fisheries will result in achieving better traits of the products. (Source:) Price intervention policy Agricultural crop insurance Established during the second National economic and social development plan, the crop insurance has safeguarded cotton, corn, sorghum, and soy bean. During the seventh plan, Thailand Bank for agricultureRead MoreSioamai2416 Words   |  10 Pagessales. Product Description Siomai, otherwise spelled as shumai, is a traditional Chinese dumplings often served in dim sum. Known to have been introduced by the Qing Dynasty of China, it originally come with varied fillings like spring garlic chives, crab meat, mutton and pumpkin, or mixed seafood. Varieties of it started to evolve as the food was introduced in various provinces where it was adapted to people’s regional tastes. Nevertheless, the western country would associate the food

Shakespeares Timeless Love Story Retold in Film Essay

â€Å"He was not of an age, but for all time!†, described Ben Jonson in regards to Shakespeare (qtd. in Chrisp 62). As research proves, there is no doubt to the truth of this statement. Adding to Jonson’s words in regards to Shakespeare’s timelessness Peter Chrisp explains that â€Å"there have been more than 500 film and TV adaptations of Shakespeare’s dramas† (Chrisp 65; Mabillard). Furthermore, in the introduction to Gnomeo and Juliet, a Red Good Gnome says, â€Å"The story we are about to tell has been told before†¦ a lot† (Asbury, â€Å"Gnomeo Juliet†). While likely meant as simply another comedic line in film, there is significant truth to that statement. Regarding this, within the theater and film industries Romeo and Juliet is very recognizable. As†¦show more content†¦Some of the most dramatic films inspired by Romeo and Juliet directly used Shakespeare’s sonnets in the films. First of all 1936 brought MG M’s black-and-white Romeo and Juliet produced by Irving G. Thalberg. On the good side, the film was unbelievably luxurious and authentic, spending close to the equivalent of $80 million dollars (Rosenthal 122). Sadly the young lovers could not be accurately portrayed by the well-aged actors of 35 and 43 years (Rosenthal 122). As the 19th century continued, Franco Zeffirelli directed his highly successful 1968 Romeo and Juliet in full color (Zeffirelli, â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†). Contradicting the 1938 rendition, â€Å"he chose actors almost as young as their characters† with 17-year-old Leonard Whiting as Romeo and 15-year-old Olivia Hussey as Juliet (Rosenthal 128). Despite the controversial wedding-scene nudity, in addition to some minor changes in Shakespeare’s words, the film was still highly successful (Rosenthal 128). Finally in 1996 came the film William Shakespeare’s Romeo + Juliet. Using Shakespeare’s verse in a modern 1990s Miami-li ke Verona Beach, Baz Luhrmann, the director, stated, â€Å"We wanted to look at how Shakespeare would’ve made a movie if he were here today† (qtd. in Rosenthal 130). Luhrmann’s truly stunning couple is played by

I Am Not a Wallflower free essay sample

My grandma often fondly recounts that when my mom was born, she arrived exclaiming, â€Å"here I am!† to all of Moscow. If there is one characteristic I inherited from her—for it is certainly not my curly red hair—it is this. I am not a wallflower. Many associate my Russian upbringing with purple soups, and I cannot deny that I am served borsch instead of mac ‘n cheese for lunch. Yet, a much deeper set of principles underlies my ethnicity. Ever since I could listen, I was told never to compromise my better judgment. â€Å"That’s just not true,† my parents would assert whenever I approached them, excitedly relaying a ridiculous story I had heard from another child. By the time I reached second grade, I knew not to blindly swallow the words I heard on a regular basis. My naivete vanished, making room for opinions, much like copper hair, that often defy the status quo. We will write a custom essay sample on I Am Not a Wallflower or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So, when my seventh grade history teacher incorrectly pronounced Tsar Godunov, I was not afraid to correct her after class. My strong sense of self becomes more useful than ever in light of the aggressive partisanship characterizing today’s media. Biased spin doctors remain powerless against my permanent search for objective facts. I never did get into the mac n’ cheese scene; but, in the end, I would not have it any other way. As I have found, it is often the oddly-colored dish that ends up tasting the best.

Are Positive Emotions Just as “Positive” Across Cultures Essay Sample free essay sample

This research was conducted with the premise that the positive emotions may be more protective factor in the mental wellness of European Americans than they are in Asians. The research workers investigated the correlativity between positive emotions and depression symptom frequence and between negative emotions and depression symptom frequence. They besides compared United States ( US ) -born Asiatic American participants with European Americans and nonnative immigrant Asians to happen about the function of socialization and to show cultural differences in the function of positive emotions in depression. In respects to the methods of the survey. the research workers selected 633 college pupils from a public university in the US. of which 330 were European Americans who were at least 3rd coevals. 156 immigrant Asians who. on norm. came to US at the age of 11 old ages old. and 147 Asiatic Americans who were born in the US to immigrant parents. All of the participants completed an hour- long computing machine study which measured perceived emphasis. emotions. frequence of depression symptoms. and demographics. For independent variables. they used the Perceived Stress Scale and the Positive and Negative Emotions Schedule-X ( PANAS-X ) . For dependent variables. they used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ( CES-D ) which measured subclinical depression symptoms. The consequences showed that immigrant Asians and Asiatic Americans reported more frequent depression symptoms than European Americans. While the strength of negative emotion and depression were positively correlated for all groups. the strength of positive emotion and depression symptoms were negatively correlated among European Americans and Asiatic Americans. but non among immigrant Asians. Besides. dialectical relationship between positive and negative emotions was found among immigrant Asians but non Asiatic Americans. Sing the function of civilization. it was found that the interaction between positive emotions and civilization was important. whereas the interaction between negative emotions and civilization was non important. Additionally. no grounds was found that low-arousal positive emotions would foretell depression among Asiatic participants but non among European Americans. The determination supported the initial hypothesis which is that the civilization may chair the function of positive emotions in mental wellness. specifically. that the positive emotions play a protective function for European Americans but non every bit much as for Asians. As an account for this consequence. the research workers wrote that it was â€Å"because of cultural differences in the significance assigned to positive. but non negative. emotions [ and ] while maximising positive emotions possibly a cultural end in Western contexts. emotion moderateness through equilibrating positive emotions with negative 1s may be a cultural end in Asiatic contexts. † ( Leu. Wang. A ; Koo. 2011 ) This research can be utile in that it suggests several waies for future research and it provides clinically important information for mental wellness professionals to see in their appraisal and intercession. With respects to the way for future research. the current survey selected immigrant Asiatic participants who came to US at an mean age of 11 old ages to stand for Asians in Asia. However. it would be hard to generalise that the function of civilization on the positive emotions in the immigrant Asiatic participants’ mental wellness is the same for the Asians in Asia. It is because the environment they are in is really different from that of Asians in Asia. particularly sing the in-migration of the participants occurred at the norm of 11 old ages of age where a certain degree of socialization must hold occurred already by the clip they became grownups. Therefore. the scrutiny of either Asians in Asia or recent Asiatic immigrants who non merely came to US as an grownup but be sides have been in the US for less than a certain figure of old ages and therefore are the least acculturated can break demo the cultural difference in positive emotions between European Americans and Asians in Asia. Next. the research found more frequent study of depression symptoms in Asians and Asiatic Americans than in European Americans. However. the survey did non explicate or look into why there was such a consequence. and whether the influence of civilization in chairing the function of positive emotions indicated that Asians were more vulnerable to depression than European Americans. Although the survey found that low-arousal positive emotion did non predict depression. it did non intend that low-arousal positive emotion was a protective factor for depression as high-arousal positive emotion was for European Americans and Asiatic Americans. As reported by the survey. since there is a cultural demand for balance between positive emotions and negative emotions. look intoing whether the balance between positive and negative emotions would play a protective function to diminish the depression of immigrant Asians would be desirable. Finally. this survey besides has clinical significance for m ental wellness professionals. For case. in measuring depression of immigrant Asians. healers should be careful non to utilize the absence of positive self-pride as a forecaster of depression. Alternatively. they should utilize negative emotions to foretell depression for Asiatic immigrants. while they could utilize both positive and negative emotions for European Americans. In footings of intercession. the findings on dialectical emotions in immigrant Asiatics indicate that healers may assist Asiatic clients to equilibrate negative and positive emotions and concentrate on helping them to prosecute in activities that could arouse low-arousal positive emotions instead than high-arousal positive emotions. Similarly. since the research besides found that Asiatic American kids preferred low-arousal positive emotions. mental wellness professionals should see such penchant in the clinical work with them. Is Expressive Suppression Always Associated with Poorer Psychological Functioning? A Cross-cultural Comparison betwee n European Americans and Hong Kong Chinese The intent of this survey is to look into the influence of civilization in the relationship between suppression and psychological operation by comparing European Americans and East Asians. One of the hypotheses was that there would be negative associations between suppression and psychological operation for European Americans but non for East Asians. Another hypothesis included that there would be no differences between two groups sing the usage of revaluation. The survey sampled 71 European American ( EA ) college pupils at a public university in the northeasterly United States ( US ) who participated in the survey for class recognition and 100 Hong Kong Chinese ( HKC ) college pupils from two universities in Hong Kong who voluntarily participated. 59 % of EA participants and 52 % of HKC participants were female. and the mean age of the EA participants was 19. 22 old ages old and that of HKC was 20. 61 old ages old. For European American participants. those whose parents’ ethnicity was Judaic or Italian were excluded. because their emotional look form was different from other European American ethnicities. Participants completed 30-45 minute online study. For independent variables. the research used expressive suppression and cognitive revaluation subscales of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire ( ERQ ) to mensurate suppression and revaluation. For dependent variables. they used Satisfaction with Life Scale ( SWLS ) to mensurate ps ychological well-being and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ( CES-D ) to mensurate psychological hurt. The consequences included that HKC participants used suppression more often than EAs. and. unlike EAs. for HKC. there was neither important correlativity between suppression and down temper nor negative correlativity between suppression and life satisfaction. Furthermore. there were no differences between groups in the usage of revaluation as predicted. These findings were supportive of the initial hypothesis that â€Å"in civilizations in which usage of suppression is more normative ( e. g. . HKC ) . the inclination to stamp down emotions is non associated with inauspicious psychological operation. as it is among civilizations. in which expressiveness is the norm ( e. g. . EA ) . † ( Soto. Perez. Kim. Lee A ; Minnick. 2011 ) For future research. the research workers suggested the survey of Chinese persons who are least or non influenced by Western civilization to analyze whether the form of relationships between suppression and psychological operation differs from that of HK C who are more Westernized. Another way for future research included mensurating values and attitudes toward emotional look to govern them out as go-betweens for the relationship between suppression and psychological operation. In footings of the application of this survey. the findings of this survey can be good to mental wellness professionals who work with recent Asiatic immigrants. For case. during appraisal. if a healer is cognizant of this cultural context. he or she would non be speedy to pathologize the client’s expressive suppression and instantly associates it with depression. On the contrary. the healer would esteem the function of the civilization. admit the cultural difference and patiently help the patients with get bying accomplishments that are culturally appropriate and sensitive to their cultural norms. This could farther lend to the better curative relationship between client and healer. Other part this research can do is the way for future research. For case. the motive for the engagement in the survey of the two groups is different. EAs participated in the survey for class recognition while HKC did voluntarily. The voluntary engagement of HKC in the survey may hold mediated the relationship between suppression and psychological operation as the participants’ degree of suppression may non hold been every bit high as when the participants were required to finish the survey to obtain class recognition. in which instance. some of the participants must hold suppressed their feelings of non desiring to finish the survey. Consequently. the scrut iny of the HKC who are required to finish the survey without the option of volunteering may demo different form of relationship between suppression and psychological operation. Although it was found that there was no positive relationship between suppression and psychological operation among HKC participants. the research workers reported that the HKC showed significantly lower degrees of life satisfaction and higher degrees of down temper than EAs. The research workers stated that the expressive suppression was consistent with traditional Asiatic values and cultural norms. However. despite these values and norms. the probe of the correlativity between suppression and psychological operation by comparing two groups of HKC in which one group is encouraged to utilize look alternatively of suppression. while the control group is encouraged to go on to utilize suppression may show different correlativity between the two variables and therefore supply a important clinical deduction for mental wellness professionals. Last. choosing participants with clinical damage in their psychological operation ( e. g. . clinical depression ) in stead of the participants with normal psychological operation may farther foreground the difference between EAs and HKC in footings of the relationship between suppression and psychological operation. For illustration. harmonizing to the research. HKC participants reported significantly lower degrees of life satisfaction and higher degrees of down temper than EAs. and the probe of the participants who have clinical depression may demo a important correlativity between the two variables in the HKC participants. Mentions Leu. J. . Wang. J. . A ; Koo. K. ( 2011 ) . Are positive emotions merely as â€Å"positive† across civilizations? Emotion. 11 ( 4 ) . 994-999Soto. J. A. . Perez. C. R. . Kim. Y. H. . Lee. E. A. . A ; Minnick. M. ( 2011 ) . Is expressive suppression ever associated with poorer psychological operation? : A cross-cultural comparing between European Americans and Hong Kong Chinese. Emotion. 11 ( 6 ) . 1450-1455