The Price Increase Of Garlic - 962 Words

Question 1 The dramatic price increase of garlic in China in 2009 can be explained by the supply and demand model. The swine flu epidemic caused tastes to shift towards garlic and increased the quantity demanded. The demand curve shifted to the right (D_1 to D_2 below), causing an increase in the equilibrium price (P_1 to P_2) and quantity (Q_1 to Q_2) of garlic (Stiglitz et. al. 2014 pp. 42-3). However, the low price of garlic in the previous year discouraged farmers from planting garlic crops (Wai-yin Kwok, 2009). Farmers could not respond quickly to the price increase by returning to garlic production. As the short-run supply curve was relatively inelastic, the rightward shift in the demand curve increased equilibrium price substantially more than quantity (Stiglitz et. al. 2014 pp.63-5). Chinese investors stockpiled wholesale supplies in prediction that the price would continue to rise. The supply curve shifted to the left (S_1 to S_2), contributing to an even higher equilibrium price (P_3) and lower quantity (Q_3) (Wai-yin Kwok, 2009). Question 2 (a) As the demand for tertiary education in Australia is likely inelastic, the Vice Chancellor’s plan to increase fees by 5% would be successful in increasing total revenues by less than 5%, depending on the degree of elasticity of tertiary education in Australia. Graph A shows that a price increase along an elastic demand curve causes a more than commensurate decrease in quantity demanded. This offsets the increase inShow MoreRelatedNutrient Density And Nutrient Nutrients1338 Words   |  6 Pagesnutrient dense food. Garlic It is nutrient dense food because it is high in vitamins C, B1 and B6, Calcium, It has been shown to lower blood pressure and total and LDL cholesterol, while raising HD. L Garlic is also very potent at killing pathogens like bacteria and fungi. have long been claimed and the stinking rose treatment has been used extensively in herbal medicine (phytotherapy) down the centuries. Many of the claims are best unproven, however there are some very positive garlic health facts thatRead MoreThe Price Increase And Demand Model2215 Words   |  9 PagesQuestion 1 The dramatic price increase of garlic in China in 2009 can be explained by the supply and demand model. Perfect competition is evident in the agricultural industry, as there are many producers who act as price-takers. In the previous year, low prices discouraged farmers from continuing to plant garlic crops. Many farmers turned to growing produce that they believed would be more profitable and hence, garlic supplies declined. The supply curve shifted to the left (S_1 to S_2 below), causingRead MoreDomino s Is Putting More Emphasis On Fresh And Quality Pizza1264 Words   |  6 Pagesincluding Australia. 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They are so popular because of how simple and delicious they are to eat.Read MoreEconomics8156 Words   |  33 Pagesas well as equilibrium price and quantity of chocolate ice cream. a. A severe drought in the Midwest causes dairy farmers to reduce the number of milk-producing cattle in their herds by a third. These dairy farmers supply cream that is used to manufacture chocolate ice cream. b. A new report by the American Medical Association reveals that chocolate does, in fact, have significant health benefits. c. The discovery of cheaper synthetic vanilla flavoring lowers the price of vanilla ice creamRead MoreDehydration of Onion Garlic - a Project Report3551 Words   |  15 PagesABSOLUTE TECHNOLOGIES Technical Know-how - A Gateway to Prosperity A PROJECT REPORT ON MANUFACTURING OF DEHYDRATED ONION GARLIC Prepared By S.A. Azad ( alias Burhaan) B.Sc. Tech ( Chem Tech ) , DFM, DNIIT Ex. Sr. Manager – HPCL ( Project Planning) For Mr M. Patel, Dhule Read MoreMarketing Mix1052 Words   |  5 Pagesis also a tool used by an organization to further decide on its marketing objectives. The activities that a marketing manager does to make decisions falls under a category generally known as four Ps. Four Ps stands for product, place, promotion and price. Four Ps were popularized by McCarthy. These categories are controllable variables as they reflect areas in which a marketing manager of a firm is in control of the decision making. 2.1 Product The mostRead MoreSample Resume : Pizza Hut Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagesbreadsticks, and garlic bread. Corporately known as Pizza Hut, Include it is a subsidiary of Yum Brands include the world s largest restaurant company. As of 2013, there were more than 57 Pizza Hut restaurants in the New Zealand with more than 800 Staff memebers, and more than 5,139 store located in 94 other countries and territories around the world. About the future: Low pricing Low pricing strategies is a very helpful strategy which can increase the customersRead MoreRice Pledging Schemes1363 Words   |  5 Pagesagricultural products from farm to table by implementing better quality management system. The improvement in laboratories as well as traceability in crops, livestock and fisheries will result in achieving better traits of the products. (Source:) Price intervention policy Agricultural crop insurance Established during the second National economic and social development plan, the crop insurance has safeguarded cotton, corn, sorghum, and soy bean. During the seventh plan, Thailand Bank for agricultureRead MoreSioamai2416 Words   |  10 Pagessales. Product Description Siomai, otherwise spelled as shumai, is a traditional Chinese dumplings often served in dim sum. Known to have been introduced by the Qing Dynasty of China, it originally come with varied fillings like spring garlic chives, crab meat, mutton and pumpkin, or mixed seafood. Varieties of it started to evolve as the food was introduced in various provinces where it was adapted to people’s regional tastes. Nevertheless, the western country would associate the food

Shakespeares Timeless Love Story Retold in Film Essay

â€Å"He was not of an age, but for all time!†, described Ben Jonson in regards to Shakespeare (qtd. in Chrisp 62). As research proves, there is no doubt to the truth of this statement. Adding to Jonson’s words in regards to Shakespeare’s timelessness Peter Chrisp explains that â€Å"there have been more than 500 film and TV adaptations of Shakespeare’s dramas† (Chrisp 65; Mabillard). Furthermore, in the introduction to Gnomeo and Juliet, a Red Good Gnome says, â€Å"The story we are about to tell has been told before†¦ a lot† (Asbury, â€Å"Gnomeo Juliet†). While likely meant as simply another comedic line in film, there is significant truth to that statement. Regarding this, within the theater and film industries Romeo and Juliet is very recognizable. As†¦show more content†¦Some of the most dramatic films inspired by Romeo and Juliet directly used Shakespeare’s sonnets in the films. First of all 1936 brought MG M’s black-and-white Romeo and Juliet produced by Irving G. Thalberg. On the good side, the film was unbelievably luxurious and authentic, spending close to the equivalent of $80 million dollars (Rosenthal 122). Sadly the young lovers could not be accurately portrayed by the well-aged actors of 35 and 43 years (Rosenthal 122). As the 19th century continued, Franco Zeffirelli directed his highly successful 1968 Romeo and Juliet in full color (Zeffirelli, â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†). Contradicting the 1938 rendition, â€Å"he chose actors almost as young as their characters† with 17-year-old Leonard Whiting as Romeo and 15-year-old Olivia Hussey as Juliet (Rosenthal 128). Despite the controversial wedding-scene nudity, in addition to some minor changes in Shakespeare’s words, the film was still highly successful (Rosenthal 128). Finally in 1996 came the film William Shakespeare’s Romeo + Juliet. Using Shakespeare’s verse in a modern 1990s Miami-li ke Verona Beach, Baz Luhrmann, the director, stated, â€Å"We wanted to look at how Shakespeare would’ve made a movie if he were here today† (qtd. in Rosenthal 130). Luhrmann’s truly stunning couple is played by

I Am Not a Wallflower free essay sample

My grandma often fondly recounts that when my mom was born, she arrived exclaiming, â€Å"here I am!† to all of Moscow. If there is one characteristic I inherited from her—for it is certainly not my curly red hair—it is this. I am not a wallflower. Many associate my Russian upbringing with purple soups, and I cannot deny that I am served borsch instead of mac ‘n cheese for lunch. Yet, a much deeper set of principles underlies my ethnicity. Ever since I could listen, I was told never to compromise my better judgment. â€Å"That’s just not true,† my parents would assert whenever I approached them, excitedly relaying a ridiculous story I had heard from another child. By the time I reached second grade, I knew not to blindly swallow the words I heard on a regular basis. My naivete vanished, making room for opinions, much like copper hair, that often defy the status quo. We will write a custom essay sample on I Am Not a Wallflower or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So, when my seventh grade history teacher incorrectly pronounced Tsar Godunov, I was not afraid to correct her after class. My strong sense of self becomes more useful than ever in light of the aggressive partisanship characterizing today’s media. Biased spin doctors remain powerless against my permanent search for objective facts. I never did get into the mac n’ cheese scene; but, in the end, I would not have it any other way. As I have found, it is often the oddly-colored dish that ends up tasting the best.

Are Positive Emotions Just as “Positive” Across Cultures Essay Sample free essay sample

This research was conducted with the premise that the positive emotions may be more protective factor in the mental wellness of European Americans than they are in Asians. The research workers investigated the correlativity between positive emotions and depression symptom frequence and between negative emotions and depression symptom frequence. They besides compared United States ( US ) -born Asiatic American participants with European Americans and nonnative immigrant Asians to happen about the function of socialization and to show cultural differences in the function of positive emotions in depression. In respects to the methods of the survey. the research workers selected 633 college pupils from a public university in the US. of which 330 were European Americans who were at least 3rd coevals. 156 immigrant Asians who. on norm. came to US at the age of 11 old ages old. and 147 Asiatic Americans who were born in the US to immigrant parents. All of the participants completed an hour- long computing machine study which measured perceived emphasis. emotions. frequence of depression symptoms. and demographics. For independent variables. they used the Perceived Stress Scale and the Positive and Negative Emotions Schedule-X ( PANAS-X ) . For dependent variables. they used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ( CES-D ) which measured subclinical depression symptoms. The consequences showed that immigrant Asians and Asiatic Americans reported more frequent depression symptoms than European Americans. While the strength of negative emotion and depression were positively correlated for all groups. the strength of positive emotion and depression symptoms were negatively correlated among European Americans and Asiatic Americans. but non among immigrant Asians. Besides. dialectical relationship between positive and negative emotions was found among immigrant Asians but non Asiatic Americans. Sing the function of civilization. it was found that the interaction between positive emotions and civilization was important. whereas the interaction between negative emotions and civilization was non important. Additionally. no grounds was found that low-arousal positive emotions would foretell depression among Asiatic participants but non among European Americans. The determination supported the initial hypothesis which is that the civilization may chair the function of positive emotions in mental wellness. specifically. that the positive emotions play a protective function for European Americans but non every bit much as for Asians. As an account for this consequence. the research workers wrote that it was â€Å"because of cultural differences in the significance assigned to positive. but non negative. emotions [ and ] while maximising positive emotions possibly a cultural end in Western contexts. emotion moderateness through equilibrating positive emotions with negative 1s may be a cultural end in Asiatic contexts. † ( Leu. Wang. A ; Koo. 2011 ) This research can be utile in that it suggests several waies for future research and it provides clinically important information for mental wellness professionals to see in their appraisal and intercession. With respects to the way for future research. the current survey selected immigrant Asiatic participants who came to US at an mean age of 11 old ages to stand for Asians in Asia. However. it would be hard to generalise that the function of civilization on the positive emotions in the immigrant Asiatic participants’ mental wellness is the same for the Asians in Asia. It is because the environment they are in is really different from that of Asians in Asia. particularly sing the in-migration of the participants occurred at the norm of 11 old ages of age where a certain degree of socialization must hold occurred already by the clip they became grownups. Therefore. the scrutiny of either Asians in Asia or recent Asiatic immigrants who non merely came to US as an grownup but be sides have been in the US for less than a certain figure of old ages and therefore are the least acculturated can break demo the cultural difference in positive emotions between European Americans and Asians in Asia. Next. the research found more frequent study of depression symptoms in Asians and Asiatic Americans than in European Americans. However. the survey did non explicate or look into why there was such a consequence. and whether the influence of civilization in chairing the function of positive emotions indicated that Asians were more vulnerable to depression than European Americans. Although the survey found that low-arousal positive emotion did non predict depression. it did non intend that low-arousal positive emotion was a protective factor for depression as high-arousal positive emotion was for European Americans and Asiatic Americans. As reported by the survey. since there is a cultural demand for balance between positive emotions and negative emotions. look intoing whether the balance between positive and negative emotions would play a protective function to diminish the depression of immigrant Asians would be desirable. Finally. this survey besides has clinical significance for m ental wellness professionals. For case. in measuring depression of immigrant Asians. healers should be careful non to utilize the absence of positive self-pride as a forecaster of depression. Alternatively. they should utilize negative emotions to foretell depression for Asiatic immigrants. while they could utilize both positive and negative emotions for European Americans. In footings of intercession. the findings on dialectical emotions in immigrant Asiatics indicate that healers may assist Asiatic clients to equilibrate negative and positive emotions and concentrate on helping them to prosecute in activities that could arouse low-arousal positive emotions instead than high-arousal positive emotions. Similarly. since the research besides found that Asiatic American kids preferred low-arousal positive emotions. mental wellness professionals should see such penchant in the clinical work with them. Is Expressive Suppression Always Associated with Poorer Psychological Functioning? A Cross-cultural Comparison betwee n European Americans and Hong Kong Chinese The intent of this survey is to look into the influence of civilization in the relationship between suppression and psychological operation by comparing European Americans and East Asians. One of the hypotheses was that there would be negative associations between suppression and psychological operation for European Americans but non for East Asians. Another hypothesis included that there would be no differences between two groups sing the usage of revaluation. The survey sampled 71 European American ( EA ) college pupils at a public university in the northeasterly United States ( US ) who participated in the survey for class recognition and 100 Hong Kong Chinese ( HKC ) college pupils from two universities in Hong Kong who voluntarily participated. 59 % of EA participants and 52 % of HKC participants were female. and the mean age of the EA participants was 19. 22 old ages old and that of HKC was 20. 61 old ages old. For European American participants. those whose parents’ ethnicity was Judaic or Italian were excluded. because their emotional look form was different from other European American ethnicities. Participants completed 30-45 minute online study. For independent variables. the research used expressive suppression and cognitive revaluation subscales of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire ( ERQ ) to mensurate suppression and revaluation. For dependent variables. they used Satisfaction with Life Scale ( SWLS ) to mensurate ps ychological well-being and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ( CES-D ) to mensurate psychological hurt. The consequences included that HKC participants used suppression more often than EAs. and. unlike EAs. for HKC. there was neither important correlativity between suppression and down temper nor negative correlativity between suppression and life satisfaction. Furthermore. there were no differences between groups in the usage of revaluation as predicted. These findings were supportive of the initial hypothesis that â€Å"in civilizations in which usage of suppression is more normative ( e. g. . HKC ) . the inclination to stamp down emotions is non associated with inauspicious psychological operation. as it is among civilizations. in which expressiveness is the norm ( e. g. . EA ) . † ( Soto. Perez. Kim. Lee A ; Minnick. 2011 ) For future research. the research workers suggested the survey of Chinese persons who are least or non influenced by Western civilization to analyze whether the form of relationships between suppression and psychological operation differs from that of HK C who are more Westernized. Another way for future research included mensurating values and attitudes toward emotional look to govern them out as go-betweens for the relationship between suppression and psychological operation. In footings of the application of this survey. the findings of this survey can be good to mental wellness professionals who work with recent Asiatic immigrants. For case. during appraisal. if a healer is cognizant of this cultural context. he or she would non be speedy to pathologize the client’s expressive suppression and instantly associates it with depression. On the contrary. the healer would esteem the function of the civilization. admit the cultural difference and patiently help the patients with get bying accomplishments that are culturally appropriate and sensitive to their cultural norms. This could farther lend to the better curative relationship between client and healer. Other part this research can do is the way for future research. For case. the motive for the engagement in the survey of the two groups is different. EAs participated in the survey for class recognition while HKC did voluntarily. The voluntary engagement of HKC in the survey may hold mediated the relationship between suppression and psychological operation as the participants’ degree of suppression may non hold been every bit high as when the participants were required to finish the survey to obtain class recognition. in which instance. some of the participants must hold suppressed their feelings of non desiring to finish the survey. Consequently. the scrut iny of the HKC who are required to finish the survey without the option of volunteering may demo different form of relationship between suppression and psychological operation. Although it was found that there was no positive relationship between suppression and psychological operation among HKC participants. the research workers reported that the HKC showed significantly lower degrees of life satisfaction and higher degrees of down temper than EAs. The research workers stated that the expressive suppression was consistent with traditional Asiatic values and cultural norms. However. despite these values and norms. the probe of the correlativity between suppression and psychological operation by comparing two groups of HKC in which one group is encouraged to utilize look alternatively of suppression. while the control group is encouraged to go on to utilize suppression may show different correlativity between the two variables and therefore supply a important clinical deduction for mental wellness professionals. Last. choosing participants with clinical damage in their psychological operation ( e. g. . clinical depression ) in stead of the participants with normal psychological operation may farther foreground the difference between EAs and HKC in footings of the relationship between suppression and psychological operation. For illustration. harmonizing to the research. HKC participants reported significantly lower degrees of life satisfaction and higher degrees of down temper than EAs. and the probe of the participants who have clinical depression may demo a important correlativity between the two variables in the HKC participants. Mentions Leu. J. . Wang. J. . A ; Koo. K. ( 2011 ) . Are positive emotions merely as â€Å"positive† across civilizations? Emotion. 11 ( 4 ) . 994-999Soto. J. A. . Perez. C. R. . Kim. Y. H. . Lee. E. A. . A ; Minnick. M. ( 2011 ) . Is expressive suppression ever associated with poorer psychological operation? : A cross-cultural comparing between European Americans and Hong Kong Chinese. Emotion. 11 ( 6 ) . 1450-1455

Why Book Comparison and University Essay Samples Are So Important

Why Book Comparison and University Essay Samples Are So ImportantBook comparison, college essay samples and university essays can be the ways of knowing what to write for your personal needs in writing your college essays. You might ask, 'How come this is even an issue? Why should I even bother looking at the samples? What's the big deal?'There are people who say that essay samples are not really comparable to how they would actually write their own essay. As a result, you might think that these books are more or less useless materials for you to purchase. However, this can actually be the case. Do not expect to learn exactly how to do it the exact way you have learned before from some books.That is the truth about studying everything on your own first. Unless you are already a writer and a reader, you will need to make a lot of mistakes along the way when you first start. This is why books are so useful, since they can help you with specific tips for writing your own college essay.Y ou might be thinking that college essay samples only give you one or two different choices, and that's why you have to make use of the first option you find in order to write a solid one. However, that is not really the case.If you look at books such as the ones that provide college essay samples, they actually give you a wide variety of possibilities to choose from. Depending on what subject you will be discussing, there are a lot of different topics that you can talk about, and also a lot of different situations that you can talk about in order to make your subject interesting.When you consider that you can also see how a student's work is different from the way you will write yours, this can be very helpful. There is no reason why you cannot learn from books as well as from online resources and forums, and it is really quite amazing how effective it can be for your future writing efforts.So, do not just go out and buy books that can serve as your college essay samples. Try to be more discerning in choosing the right ones, and you will soon find that you learn a lot more through doing it yourself. However, when you do find the right book, use it as a guide for making sure that you are studying the right things.

Developing price policy

Introduction Pricing of products and services is of fundamental importance in the four elements of marketing mix that generates profit for business enterprises. According to Boone and Kurtz (2011), the factors that influence the price of commodities and services can be categorized as external and internal.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Developing price policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pricing thus, is more than just simple calculations of the cost of production and setting up a markup (Giddens, Parcell Brees 2005). Consequently, pricing policy becomes a major component of enterprise marketing plan, which is part of the whole business plan (Boone Kurtz 2011). Moreover, pricing policy ultimately affects the other marketing mix elements of the product which in turn, impact on how the product is viewed by consumers and purchase decisions (Giddens, Parcell Brees 2005). Target market segment The target segm ent is a part of consumers that can be optimally served by the company’s projected and existing capacities at a profit. The introduction of more efficient technologies has enabled construction of lighter, less expensive, and more powerful radio and aircraft systems (Doyle 2002). As a result, there has been a global rise in the hobby of flying RC airplanes and the application of such airplanes in the military and scientific research organizations. The target market for the new RC airplane will be individual users, research stations, governments, and military units. However, it is worth noting that each of the target users mentioned is unique and requires different marketing and pricing strategies that can be adjusted in accordance to prevailing market conditions (Kotler 1997). Channel of distribution The sole objective of every business enterprise is to make profit by selling their commodities and services to consumers or ultimate users. In order for the producer of the commod ities to achieve this objective, they must ensure that the goods they produce reach the consumer. The goods must follow a defined distribution network to reach the consumers via what is commonly referred to as trade channel or distribution channel (Kotler 1997). In fact, the trade channel acts as the link between the producer and the consumers; therefore, any channel of distribution comprises the producer, middlemen, and final buyers (Anderson James 1990). Selling the new RC airplanes will be done using the indirect method distribution channel; however, caution will be taken to ensure that middlemen are minimized. Minimizing the middlemen (Kotler 2003) is essential in ensuring profit maximization and that consumers are not overcharged since every middleman charges extra profit or commission for the goods they sell.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, according to Ander son and James (1990), goods that are produced in large quantity cannot reach the final users or consumers at the right time and place without the input of middlemen. Consequently, they will be sold via two middlemen as depicted in figure 1.1 below. Fig: 1.1: Distribution Channel for the new RC airplanes Source: (Anderson James 1990) Prior research to adoption of pricing policy According to Aaker (1999), good policies are vital for the attainment of progress in both economic and social spheres. Price policy formulation; thus, is central to success of any business enterprise and more often the quality of price policies formed is depended on the capacity of the marketing team in the business and the strategies employed by the team (Frank 1998; Boone Kurtz 2011). Before making any price policies, it is important for the firm to carry out research on the factors affecting pricing; both internal and external. Furthermore, the pricing policy should compare all the available pricing opt ions and result in an acceptable price level range for the product (Uva 2001). Anderson and James (1990), note that performing prior research to determine most appropriate pricing strategies is important as the knowledge acquired can be used in assigning the best price markups for the products. To achieve an acceptable pricing policy, it is important for the marketing team to carry out prior research in the following areas;Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Developing price policy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More on the mix of products they intend to offer in the market, this is important because it limits or broadens the pricing strategies options available for the business to exploit; market research to be able to determine the target market and the best possible pricing goals and strategies for the targeted market demographics; the best method of distribution or channel of distributions of products ultimately impacts on the pricing strategies, for example, direct sales grants the producer more control over the product in terms of pricing, or displays as opposed to wholesale; research should be done on the approximate life cycle of each product since the life cycle of the product determines the quantity to produce at a particular time. For example, goods with estimated short life cycles require that they are produced in massive quantities to be able to generate bigger profit margins, while those with estimated long life cycles gives the producer time to attain their pricing objectives; policies such as government regulatory policies that may impose price regulations on your product by limiting the maximum prices that can be charged for the product; finally, the company ought to carry out prior research on the anticipated product demand. For example, projected high demands means that the consumers will highly unlikely be concerned with price of the product thus the producer has more flexib ility in choosing an appropriate pricing strategy (Uva 2001; NetMBA 2005). Pricing objective The pricing objective to be adopted by the company for the new RC airplanes will be quantity maximization since the company’s main mission is to become a leader in terms of market share amongst companies producing RC aircrafts. Consequently, the pricing objective of the company seeks to maximize the number of the new models of RC airplanes sold (Giddens, Parcell Brees 2005). Pricing strategies According to Kotler (2003), several pricing strategies exist for companies to choose from, however, some of these pricing strategies only work well with certain pricing objectives. Uva (2001) advises that a careful selection ought to be done by business managers when choosing a pricing objective as the choice of appropriate pricing strategies depends on the selected pricing objective. Moreover, each pricing objective works well with a particular set of pricing strategies (Figure 2.2). Finally, it has been noted (Doyle 2000) that different pricing strategies can be successfully applied at different times to fit the changing market strategies, product life cycles, and market conditions. Figure 2.2: Pricing objective and strategies From figure 2.2 above, it can be noted that owing to the pricing objective of the company; quantity maximization, the best marketing strategies would be as follows: (1)Multiple pricing; (2) Good, better, best pricing; (3) Loss leader pricing; (4) penetration pricing; and (5) product bundle pricing (Uva 2001; Doyle 2002). Multiple pricing: aims at luring customers to make large purchases by offering slight discounts to customers who buy goods in large quantities. The prices of single items are slightly higher to those that purchased in bulk (Boone Kurtz 2011). For example, buying one new RC airplane will cost the customer approximately $ 85; the customer will be required to pay $ 165 for two RC airplanes. As a result, the customers will feel th at they are getting discount for buying two items since $ 82.5 (165à ·2) is $ 2.5 less than $ 85.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, $ 82.5 is the price that the company would be charging for each new RC airplane if the company was not employing the multiple pricing strategies. The strategy will be able to generate more profit for the company by increasing the quantity of items sold, as well as through increasing prices for customers who purchase one item. Practically, the strategy penalizes the customer for purchasing one item since the price is typically set higher than it will cost; that is at $ 85 instead of $ 82.5. Good, better, best pricing: this is a pricing strategy in which the price of the same item increases with slight changes that are made to the product, for example, changes in packaging. The price can be offered in a series of three formats with the price of each series rising above the price of the previous series (Doyle 2002). The goods that are priced at ‘better† price and those that are priced at â€Å"best† price require more attention from the producer than those w ithâ€Å"good† price; however, the higher prices charged for them are worth the extra effort (Achrol 1997; Day Liam 1988). For example, the new RC can be categorized into those that are very heavy, slow, and noisy as being â€Å"good† price, while those that are less heavy, fast, and produce relatively low noise as â€Å"better† price and those that are light, faster, and have noise minimization capabilities as being priced at â€Å"best† prices. Loss leader pricing: in this strategy, the customers are enticed into visiting the shop that deals with different product or parts by reducing the price of one item. This is done with the hope that when customers visit the shop to make purchase of the cheaper item they may also buy other items (Alderson 1937). For example, in applying this strategy to the pricing of the new RC airplanes, the company will use other accessories such as the RC airplane battery as the loss leader product, thus customers who come to buy the RC airplane batteries may end up buying other accessories or even purchase a new model of the RC airplane. Penetration pricing: this is a strategy that is employed by business enterprises that want to break into a new market or segment of the market that is not previously served by the business. The main objective of the penetration pricing strategy is to attract and increase the market share of the product (Day Liam 1988). Therefore, applying the penetration pricing strategy requires that the business reduces the prices to a certain minimum in order to attract customers; however, this price must be increased once the management is satisfied that the objective has been attained as this strategy initially reduces profit margins significantly (Urbany 2001). For example, if the market research indicated that the competitors sold their RC aircrafts for $ 83 to $ 99, then the company will have to sell the new RC airplane models for about $ 80 in order to attract customers since there are already several other RC airplane sellers in the market and the company is new. This will be done for six months after which there will be a price review upwards as the price of $ 80 covers the production cost but it is the lowest of the market range. This pricing strategy achieves the objective of the quantity maximization by increasing number of items sold at low prices. At the same, the strategy can help in revenue maximization that results from the large numbers of purchases made (Whitefield, 1994). Product bundle pricing: this pricing strategy is applied when the producer wants to get rid of overstock or sell complementary products. The products are bundled together and the customer who buys the new item can get an older or complimentary good for less (Day Liam 1988; Doyle 2002). In respect to the new RC airplane models, the company may decide to sell the older versions or accessories that are compatible with the new models in bundles at lower prices. Product bundlin g will help the company achieve its objective by making it possible to sell items that might have not been sold. Procedure for price calculation In calculating the unit cost of the new RC airplane models, the company will apply the Conjoint Analysis (Curry 1996), which is a marketing research tool that is used to determine attributes the new product and how the new features affect the price of the new product. The choice to use conjoint analysis is supported by the fact that it is flexible and less expensive to carry out than concept testing (Trout 1998; Nagle Holden 2001; Rhim Cooper 2005). Suppose the company intended to produce sets of new RC airplanes, from the users’ perspective and experience, the new sets will be affected by some important product features, for example, speed, average plane life, and price. Table 1: Attributes of new RC airplane Average Speed Average plane life Price 80Km/hr 60 falls $ 82.5 70Km/hr 50 falls $ 85.0 60Km/hr 35 falls $ 90.0 From table 1, it clear that the markets â€Å"ideal† RC airplane is the one that has a speed of 80Km/hr, an average life of 60 falls, and is less expensive costing $ 82.5. However, from a manufacturing perspective the â€Å"ideal† new RC airplane is that which has a speed of 60Km/hr, has shorter life cycle of 35 falls, and cost more at $ 90 assuming that it cost less to manufacture RC airplanes that are slow and have shorter life cycles. Ranking the features conjointly between two buyers Table 2: Buyer 1 Average RC airplane life 60 falls 50 falls 35 falls Average Maximum Speed 80Km/hr 1 3 6 70Km/hr 2 5 8 60Km/hr 4 7 9 Table 3: Buyer 2 Average RC airplane life 60 falls 50 falls 35 falls Average Maximum Speed 80Km/hr 1 2 4 70Km/hr 3 5 6 60Km/hr 7 8 9 From table 2 and 3 the buyers tend to agree on the least preferred feature of the plane, but, buyer one tends to tradeoff average speed to ball life while buyer two makes an opposite tradeoff. Next is to figure out a set of values that when summed up produces buyer one’s rank as shown in table 3. Table 3: Set of values that produce buyer’s preferences Average RC airplane life 60 falls (90) 50 falls (50) 35 falls (0) Average Maximum Speed 80Km/hr (60) 1(150) 3(110) 6(60) 70Km/hr (30) 2(120) 5(80) 8(30) 60Km/hr(0) 4(90) 7(50) 9(0) Suppose table 4 represents the tradeoffs buyer one buyer one is willing to make between price and average airplane life: Table 4a Average RC airplane life 60 falls 50 falls 35 falls Price $ 82.5 1 4 7 $ 85 2 5 8 $ 90 3 6 9 Table 4b Average RC airplane life 60 falls (90) 50 falls (50) 35 falls (0) Price $ 82.5 (10) 1(100) 4(60) 7(10) $ 85 (5) 2(95) 5(55) 8(5) $ 90 (0) 3(90) 6(50) 9(0) From the analysis the company then ends up with a set of complete values known as utilities that capture buyer 1’s tradeoffs a shown in table five below. Table 5: Buyer 1 tradeoffs Average Maximum Speed Average RC airplane life Price 80Km/hr 60 60 falls 90 $ 82.5 10 70Km/hr 30 50 falls 50 $ 85 5 60Km/hr 0 35 falls 0 $ 90 0 The company will use the table above in calculating the price of the RC airplane to produce as follows: suppose the company intends to produce two models of RC airplane as show in table 6. Table 6 Speed RC airplane Long life RC airplane Speed 80Km/hr 70Km/hr Life cycle 50 falls 60 falls Price $ 85 $ 90 Then, the values for buyer one in table 5 when summed up provides the estimate of the buyer’s preferences as shown below in table 7. Table 7 Speed RC airplane Long life RC airplane Speed 80Km/hr 60 70Km/hr 30 Life cycle 50 falls 50 60 falls 90 Price $ 85 5 $ 90 0 Total utility 115 120 From table 7, it can be concluded that the customer is likely to prefer long life RC airplane over the faster model because it has the highest amount of utility. The company should produce life RC airplanes and sell them at about $ 90 per item. Due to multitude and complexity of factors involved in determining the price of products, assembling relevant information on the market conditions will determine the long term price changes. However, the short term price policies are tactical in nature as they endeavor to realize short term business objectives, and will be employed in relation to the goal they are intended to achieve. List of References Aaker, D A 1999, Managing brand equity: capitalizing on the value of a brand name, The Free Press, New York. Achrol, RS 1997, â€Å"Changes in the theory of inter-organizational relations in marketing: toward a network paradigm†, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 25 no. 1, pp. 56-71. Alderson, W 1937, â€Å"A Marketing view of competition†, Journal of Marketing, vol.1, pp.189-190 Anderson, J C James, A N 1990, â€Å"A Model of distributor firm and manufacturer firm working partnerships†, Journal of Marketing, vol.54, pp. 42-58. Boone , LE Kurtz DL 2011, Contemporary marketing, Cengage Learning, Belmont CA Curry J 1996, Understanding conjoint analysis in 15 minutes: Quirk’s Marketing Research Review, Sawtooth Technologies, Inc. Day, G S Liam F 1988, â€Å"Valuing market strategies†, Journal of Marketing, vol.2, pp. 45-57 Doyle, P 2000, Value based marketing: marketing strategies for corporate growth and shareholder value, Wiley, Chichester. Doyle, P 2002, Marketing management strategy, Prentice Hall, Harlow Frank, G 1998, Cost of production versus cost of production, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison. Giddens, NJ, Parcell, Brees M 2005, Selecting an appropriate pricing strategy, viewed on https://www.extension.iastate.edu/agdm/ Kotler, P 1997, Marketing management: analysis, planning, implementation and control, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Kotler, P 2003, Marketing management, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ Nagle, T Holden, R 2001, The strategy and tactics of pricing, Prenti ce Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. NetMBA 2005, Pricing strategy, viewed on http://www.netmba.com/marketing/pricing/ Rhim, H Cooper, LG 2005, â€Å"Assessing potential threats to incumbent brands: new product positioning under price competition in a multi segmented markets,† International Journal of Research in Marketing, vol. 22, no. 2, pp.159-182. Trout, J 1998, â€Å"Prices: simple guidelines to get them right,† Journal of Business Strategy, vol. 22, pp. 13-16. Urbany, JE 2001, â€Å"Are your prices too low?† Harvard Business Review, vol. 79, no. 9, pp. 26-28. Uva, W L 2001, Smart pricing strategies, Department of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca. Whitefield, J 1994, Conflicts in construction: Avoiding, managing, resolving, MacMillan, New York. This essay on Developing price policy was written and submitted by user Chr0n0mancer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Yellow Wallpape Essays

A Yellow Wallpape Essays A Yellow Wallpape Essay A Yellow Wallpape Essay Essay Topic: The Yellow Wallpaper I find â€Å"A Yellow Wallpaper† disturbing because of the author’s grim exploration of the dark underside of women’s subjugation in society. Gilman’s macabre attack on the story’s theme shocks readers to the kind of reality most women are faced with. On the outside, it may appear as John is genuinely concerned about his wife’s well-being but his affection turns out to be problematic and laden with hidden political underpinnings. John, along with the protagonist’s brother and Jennie all look down on her because of her unstable condition. I noticed that it is so easy for the other characters to assume that the protagonist is not mentally sound just because she is experiencing excessive emotional stress. According to the story, she has just given birth at that time. It may be that she is undergoing post partum depression which is why she is always weepy and lonely. Add that to the fact that she is kept in complete isolation and inactivit y. The curative prescription of her husband is definitely bizarre and insane to say the least. Why would you prescribe a mother, who is already suffering from sudden fits of melancholy, with prolonged confinement and passivity? That will only exacerbate her gloom a thousand times over.   Happiness is supposed to be the best medicine yet John prevented her from doing the thing she desires the most- writing. (pg 286) Despite her husband’s strict prohibitions she kept writing in her journal all the same. If anything, it is the only reason that kept her from losing her sanity. Just like a friend, the journal kept her company during all those silent and dark moments of alienation. Moreover, her journal entries give solid proof to the lucidity of her mind. Her accurate descriptions and informed narration give testament to her healthy and sound judgment. Just because the protagonist is emotionally vulnerable it is convenient for the society and the people around her to question he r sanity. Gilman demonstrates that women are misconstrued as immediate victims of madness and hysteria because of their biological make up. I also like the way Gilman also used symbolism to expose the anonymous and almost nonexistent life that women are made to undergo. The nameless protagonist shows that many women are stifled from achieving their own persons. Thus, they are oftentimes disregarded as unknown faces in society. Just like the woman lurking behind the wallpaper pattern, females are taken as shadows which blend seamlessly against the background.   The protagonist’s lack of name or identification suggests her missing identity. She never had a life of her own except from the secondary existence of a wife and mother. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why is the wallpaper colored yellow? What symbolisms does the yellow color represent? 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why are there severed heads of women within the pattern of the wallpaper? What do they stand for? 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How did the use of journal writing as a form of story telling advanced the theme of the story?